A cancer cell with a mutated growth factor receptor bypasses the G1 checkpoint; which outcome is most likely if pro-apoptotic signals are ineffective?

💡 Explanation

If pro-apoptotic signals are ineffective, the cell cannot undergo programmed cell death. Because apoptosis is the mechanism preventing cells with DNA damage from replicating, the mutated cell will proliferate uncontrollably, rather than being eliminated or repaired.

• An elite marathon runner experiences a sudden decrease in performance despite maintaining pace. Which failure mode involving metabolic byproducts becomes likely when energy demand exceeds muscle clearance capacity?
• Which failure mode becomes prominent when chronic opioid use downregulates dopamine D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens?
• If a diabetic patient has impaired angiogenesis after a foot ulcer forms, which consequence follows regarding wound healing?
• Why does calcium oxalate precipitate to form kidney stones when oxalate concentration exceeds a saturation threshold in the nephron?
• If an elderly patient exhibits increased systemic oxidative stress, which consequence is most likely regarding bone health?
• Why does cardiac output sometimes fall during an asthma exacerbation, even if the heart is healthy?