During rapid vaporization of liquid nitrogen (LN2) used for cryocooling electronics, which consequence rapidly hinders thermal transfer?

💡 Explanation

Surface cooling below the Leidenfrost temperature induces insulating vapor gaps; the heat flux sharply decreases because of reduced conduction, called the Leidenfrost effect. Therefore Leidenfrost increases overall thermal resistance, rather than improved convection or increased cryopumping.

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