In polarizing beam splitters in optical quantum computers, which outcome occurs when photons pass through misaligned axes?

💡 Explanation

When photon polarization aligns imperfectly with a splitter's axis, the **Malus's Law** mechanism dictates only a fraction transmits, which generates elliptical polarization because the orthogonal components interfere, therefore, ellipticity dominates when misalignment increases rather than quantum fidelity under ideal conditions.

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