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← HistoryWhat catastrophic outcome regarding material underlies the structural failures observed during the collapse of sections of Roman concrete masonry sea walls?
A)Concrete changed phase abruptly
B)Sulphate attack induced expansion✓
C)Differential settlement under piers
D)Erosion introduced new pathways
💡 Explanation
Over time, seawater sulphate reacted with the pozzolanic Roman concrete initiating expansive cracking via ettringite formation known as sulphate attack, because its reaction products exerted immense pressure as they grew, therefore weakening the overall structure, rather than a simple erosion.
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