What outcome occurs when ground squirrels arouse from hibernation and circulating norepinephrine triggers futile cycling?

💡 Explanation

Arousal from hibernation demands a rapid increase in body temperature; norepinephrine causes increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) activity in brown fat mitochondria, because this futile cycling generates heat directly, therefore rapid warming occurs, rather than shivering alone inducing slower muscle generated heat.

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