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← GeographyWhich consequence develops when intense rainfall saturates unconsolidated tephra deposits?
A)Formation of a rapidly moving lahar✓
B)Sublimation-induced ice crystal destabilization
C)Deposition increase in volcanic ash
D)Increased thermal convection from ash layers
💡 Explanation
A rapidly moving lahar forms because pore pressure from water increases until frictional strength decreases from the tephra inhibiting friction, causing debris fluidization, therefore lahar initiation rather than debris flows, because the saturation results in liquid dominance.
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