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Which consequence results when the Darcy-Weisbach equation underestimates frictional head loss for a crude oil pipeline at high flow rate?

A)Increased pumping energy consumption costs
B)Pipeline flow velocity is reduced
C)Laminar flow falsely predicted existence
D)Pressure drop falsely deemed negligible

💡 Explanation

Increased pumping energy consumption stems from underestimated friction. Transition to Turbulent flow results in an accelerated increased headloss. because the predicted pressure isn't sufficient to move the fluid due to turbulence effects outweighing the calculated laminar friction; therefore energy consumption rises, rather than a velocity reduction or pressure deemed negligible under laminar model assumptions.

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