Which constraint affects photosynthetic rate limitations within C4 or CAM pathways during water stress?

💡 Explanation

When water stress occurs, stomatal closure restricts CO2 diffusion because this is the primary mechanism to conserve water when it is scarce, limiting CO2 availability within bundle sheath in these plants. Therefore stomatal closure causes CO2 restriction, rather than the other options which have indirect or no causal link to water stress limitations.

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