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← ScienceWhich effect results when localized defects disrupt a crystal lattice's periodicity?
A)Formation of mid-gap trap states✓
B)Increased phonon mean-free paths
C)Enhanced intrinsic carrier concentration
D)Reduced electron-phonon scattering rates
💡 Explanation
Mid-gap trap states are formed due to local potential variations caused by the defect; a process known as defect-induced localization. Because the lattice periodicity is broken, localized energy states emerge within the band gap, therefore trapping carriers rather than altering phonon behavior.
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