Which efficiency limit applies to a Carnot engine operating across solid-liquid phase transition?

💡 Explanation

When a Carnot engine operates during a phase transition, energy is absorbed isothermally; because Carnot efficiency depends solely on the temperature difference between hot and cold reservoirs, and there is no temperature change during the phase transition where its temperature remains constant, producing heat. Therefore, maximum efficiency can only happen if there is a high constant temperature, rather than entropy decrease, perfect conversion, or material inefficiency which depend on other unrelated factors.

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