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← ScienceWhich energy transformation occurs when a near-ideal Carnot engine operates at maximum efficiency?
A)Isothermal heat transfer balances entropy change✓
B)Adiabatic compression maximizes work output
C)Internal friction minimizes exhaust temperature
D)Kinetic gas energy concentrates in final expansion
💡 Explanation
When a Carnot engine operates at maximum thermodynamic efficiency, isothermal heat transfer precisely balances entropy change in both the hot and cold reservoirs, ensuring reversible processes because no entropy is generated. Therefore, isothermal balance occurs, rather than maximizing work, minimizing exhaust, or concentrating kinetic energy which represent irreversible phenomena.
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