Which geological phenomenon most directly causes liquefaction of loosely packed, saturated soils during earthquakes?

💡 Explanation

During an earthquake, intense shaking increases pore water pressure in saturated soils because the soil structure compacts, reducing volume and transferring stress to the pore water. Therefore, pore water pressure increase most directly leads to liquefaction, rather than wave behavior effects requiring different conditions.

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• Which risk increases following a catastrophic levee breach due to overtopping during an extreme flood event?
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