Which innovation allowed medieval Islamic engineers to more precisely determine Qibla direction, even at extreme distances?

💡 Explanation

When calculating Qibla from afar, sine, cosine, and tangent ratios are necessary because these allow the earth's spherical geometry to be expressed numerically allowing for more precise direction and location calculation. Therefore trigonometry results in a more accurate direction, rather than sundials(time), surveying(local measurements), or network(information but not core calculation).

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