Which issue arises when stepper motor encoders fail?

💡 Explanation

Failed encoders disrupt closed-loop control via Kalman filtering because an accurate feedback signal containing rotor position is lost, therefore the robotic joint drifts from its programming, rather than maintaining the specified trajectory.

• Which risk increases when a three-phase transformer's protection inhibits overcurrent correctly via an internal feedback reporting circuit?
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• Which outcome occurs when a long three-phase transmission line's open circuit voltage significantly exceeds the sending end voltage?
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