Which limitation increased significantly when constructing wooden-hulled ships exceeding around 300 tons in the 18th century?

💡 Explanation

With large timber-hulled ships, keel hogging appears as the structure bends upwards at the ends because longer hulls experience increasing bending moments due to wave action and weight distribution. Therefore keel hogging results, rather than sailcloth tearing, rudder failure, or anchor dragging which depend mostly on rigging, steering, and external conditions.

• Which navigational error arises when compensating compass readings without accounting compass variation in the 18th century?
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• Which outcome happened when early Mesopotamian bronze founders exceeded safe copper-arsenic alloy ratios?
• Which limitation constrained the early practical adoption of John Harrison's marine chronometer design during mid-18th century navigation?
• Which constraint impacted crop selection within Aztec chinampa agriculture around Lake Texcoco?