Which mechanism allows an albatross to achieve dynamic soaring across wave crests despite constant wind speed?

💡 Explanation

When an albatross performs dynamic soaring with little wind speed change, it repeatedly penetrates boundaries of different wind velocities and extracts kinetic energy because wind speed increases with height above the ocean. Therefore the bird exploits the vertical velocity gradient leading to soaring, rather than drag reduction or lift increase which aren't directly harvesting the wind gradient's energy.

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