Which mechanism causes electrons with energies below barrier height to still pass-through quantum dots?

💡 Explanation

When electrons encounter a potential barrier, wave function tunneling allows electrons to pass through because their wave function has a non-zero probability of existing on the other side, leading to quantum tunneling even if energy insufficient. Therefore, tunneling occurs, rather than momentum transfer, reduced electrostatic repulsion, or increased energy states, which stem from different quantum phenomena related to particle properties.

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