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Which mechanism decreases efficiency when a viscous fluid flows through a narrow microfluidic channel constrained by high-frequency oscillating pressure?

A)Viscous dissipation and thermal losses
B)Capillary action causing reverse flow
C)Surface tension induced droplet formation
D)Increased fluid convective heat transfer

💡 Explanation

Viscous dissipation arises because internal friction converts kinetic energy into heat; increased oscillation frequency enhances the shear rate, promoting dissipation, therefore decreasing efficiency, rather than capillary actions or convective behavior that are less significant contributions.

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