Which mechanism limits signal propagation distance in a single-mode optical fiber experiencing Rayleigh scattering?

💡 Explanation

When light propagates through optical fiber, Rayleigh scattering occurs because of microscopic refractive index fluctuations due to density variations, causing light to scatter in different directions and weakening the signal over distance. Therefore, refractive index variations limit range, rather than dispersion, polarization, or absorption which cause distinct signal impairments.

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