Which mechanism limits the maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric generator converting a temperature gradient into electrical energy?

💡 Explanation

When subjected to larger temperature differences, thermoelectric generators experiences increased thermal conductivity which shunts a larger amount of heat back to the source because heat transfer is proportional to both the thermal conductivity and the temperature gradient. Therefore increased thermal conductivity fundamentally limits efficiency, rather than Seebeck coefficient, losses, or recombination which are mitigated through material selection.

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