Which outcome characterizes dynamic equilibrium establishment in catalytic converters during exhaust aftertreatment?

💡 Explanation

When dynamic equilibrium establishes, forward and reverse reaction rates equalize because the Gibbs free energy of the system approaches zero, minimizing net product formation despite continuous microscopic activity. Therefore reaction rates being equal indicates equilibrium, rather than saturation, cessation, or temperature differentials, which represent distinct non-equilibrium phenomena.

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