Which outcome during storm surges enhances inundation severity upon low-lying islands?

💡 Explanation

Wave refraction focuses wave energy due to bathymetric changes in shallow waters, thereby increasing the impact during storm surges; refraction causes wave convergence rather than divergence because islands disrupt wave propagation relative to open ocean exposure, therefore increases inundation.

• Which risk increases within a coastal estuary when freshwater streams experience prolonged reduced flow?
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• Which mechanism causes coastal dune formation along lake shorelines with strong prevailing winds?
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