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Which outcome increases when liquid expands during metal casting?

A)Micro-porosity defect formation
B)Enhanced dendritic arm spacing
C)Improved alloy homogenization
D)Increased chill zone nucleation

💡 Explanation

Micro-porosity increases due to volumetric shrinkage coupled with insufficient feeding during solidification; the mechanism is interdendritic segregation, because liquid expansion generates internal voids during phase change; therefore micro-porosity forms, rather than larger voids, under lower constraint or higher initial cooling rates.

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