Which outcome initiates glacial expansion when lava flows affect ice sheets?

💡 Explanation

Basal lubrication leads to faster glacial movement and expansion because the lava melts the base of the ice sheet causing increased sliding, therefore the glacier expands rather than shrinking from albedo changes or isostatic adjustments.

• Which effect increases when vegetation is removed from a reinforced levee system along a major river?
• Which coastal outcome is accelerated when seawall toe scour occurs?
• Which risk increases when rapidly melting permafrost destabilizes stream banks?
• Which outcome occurs when subduction beneath an island arc increases sediment influx?
• Which topographic outcome on a semi-arid plain results when strong winds preferentially erode fine sediments?
• Which risk increases when strong katabatic winds impact ventifact formation?