Which outcome is intensified by the Ekman spiral effect in mid-latitude North Atlantic gyres?

💡 Explanation

Increased stratification develops because momentum transfer induced by wind forcing decreases with depth according to the Ekman spiral effect; therefore, less vertical mixing occurs, inhibiting nutrient transport from deeper waters rather than increasing upwelling.

• Which risk increases when lava cools rapidly subaerially?
• Which outcome quickly alters silicate mineral composition when exposed?
• Which outcome occurs involving mechanical weathering when freeze-thaw cycles erode slopes?
• Which process causes silicic magma formation above subducting plates?
• Which risk significantly increases in Arctic regions during periods of thawing permafrost due to solifluction?
• Which mechanism primarily sculpts the U-shaped profile of fjords?