Which outcome limits continuous soaring duration despite efficient avian air sac ventilation?

💡 Explanation

Though air sacs enable efficient oxygen uptake which powers muscle activity, metabolic processes generating flight also produce excess heat, exceeding dissipation mechanisms after a prolonged duration because of limitations of integumentary radiation and convection. Metabolic heat buildup therefore limits soaring, rather than other factors which relate to stress, aerodynamics, or osmotic disruptions.

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