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Which outcome limits electron flow as crystal lattice defects approach the exciton binding energy in an organic LED?

A)Increased non-radiative electron-hole recombination
B)Increased injection barrier at contacts
C)Increased singlet-triplet annihilation rate
D)Decreased optical output coupling efficiency

💡 Explanation

Increased non-radiative electron-hole recombination is the correct outcome. A higher defect density increases trap states in the band gap, prompting Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Therefore, excitons decay without light emission, rather than radiative recombination that creates photons.

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