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← ScienceWhich outcome limits the maximum efficiency of combustion engines based on the Carnot cycle?
A)Internal friction generates irreversible entropy✓
B)Finite heat transfer rates cause thermal lag
C)Incomplete combustion forms pollutant molecules
D)Changing air- fuel ratio alters stoichiometry
💡 Explanation
When a Carnot engine operates, internal friction generates irreversible entropy within the system, reducing the amount of work obtainable from the thermal energy, and that ultimately reduces efficiency. Therefore, internal friction from irreversible entropy limits the engine performance, rather than thermal lag, incomplete combustion, or stoichiometry alteration which are secondary effects in ideal cycles.
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