Which outcome occurred when undermining Roman defensive walls during sieges without proper shoring?

💡 Explanation

When undermining walls, soil removal without shoring causes overburden pressure to exceed the shear strength of the remaining soil because of gravity, leading to localized foundation collapse. Therefore, sections of wall collapse, rather than resonance, detonation, or poisoning which involve differing mechanisms and materials.

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• Which outcome primarily limited Bronze Age Mesopotamian agricultural tool production, given available tin sources?