Which outcome occurs during heavy lathe cutting when exceeding vibration limits?

💡 Explanation

Surface defects form due to self-excited vibration; this is the effect of dynamic instability (chatter) in the tool-workpiece system because the **regenerative effect** amplifies vibrations at specific frequencies. Therefore, chatter occurs, rather than fluid changes, tool hardening, or better lubrication which are unrelated to resonant vibration frequencies.

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