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Which outcome occurs when a semiconductor’s dopant level increases to overwhelm stable electron orbitals?

A)Band gap energy significantly decreases
B)Increased free carrier recombination rate
C)Material approaches perfect insulation
D)Fermi level remains perfectly unchanged

💡 Explanation

Band gap narrowing becomes significant because increased dopant atoms create impurity bands that merge with the conduction and valence bands, effectively shrinking the gap, therefore increasing conductivity rather than altering recombination because the doping level determines this rather than generation rates.

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