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← ScienceWhich outcome occurs when a submarine's very low frequency (VLF) antenna attempts underwater radio propagation?
A)Signal attenuates exponentially with depth✓
B)Wavelength compresses due to pressure
C)Doppler shift increases sharply
D)Refraction approaches total internal Reflection
💡 Explanation
The signal experiences exponential attenuation due to conductive losses by the mechanism of complex permittivity, because seawater possesses a sizable imaginary component. Therefore, radio waves dissipate quickly, rather than compressing or undergoing increased refraction, since frequency changes much slow.
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