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← ScienceWhich outcome occurs when a titanium-sapphire laser's crystal temperature drifts upward?
A)Reduced output power and spectral shift✓
B)Increased pulse duration and mode-locking
C)Enhanced coherence and beam divergence
D)Improved thermal stability and efficiency
💡 Explanation
Increased crystal temperature induces thermal lensing, affecting the cavity's stability; this leads to reduced efficiency via decreased population inversion. Reduced output and spectral shift result via decreased gain, because the thermal expansion changes cavity resonances, therefore this occurs rather than enhanced performance.
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