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← ScienceWhich outcome occurs when an STM tip approaches a non-conductive surface?
A)Electrons tunnel across the gap✓
B)Tip induces triboelectric charging
C)Electrostatic forces cause tip crash
D)Thermal expansion closes the gap
💡 Explanation
Electrons crossing a non-conductive gap use quantum tunnelling because an energy barrier exists. Therefore current flows even with a classically forbidden gap, rather than triboelectric charging dominating or thermal expansion being significant effects at that scale under normal conditions.
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