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Which outcome occurs when high humidity compromises pavement de-icing using calcium chloride?

A)Ionic hydration outweighs lattice energy
B)Decreased exothermic dissolution of salt
C)Runoff accelerates chloride ion dispersal
D)Covalent bond breakdown lowers melting point

💡 Explanation

Deliquescence causes pavement icing because high humidity favors ionic hydration until it exceeds calcium chloride’s lattice energy, thereby pulling water from the air rather than melting ice. Therefore, ice forms rather than melts because of preferential ionic hydration energy.

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