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← ScienceWhich outcome occurs when rapid cooling induces defects within polycrystalline photovoltaic thin films?
A)Reduced overall module power output✓
B)Increased short-circuit current density, Jsc
C)Enhanced minority carrier diffusion length
D)Improved open-circuit voltage, Voc limit
💡 Explanation
Reduced power occurs due to increased grain boundary surface area; grain boundary recombination *mechanism* reduces carrier lifetimes. The process of carrier recombination loses free electrons, therefore lowering current, because the overall efficiency drops, rather than improved characteristics under different fabrication methods.
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