Which outcome occurs when rapid groundwater extraction increases?

💡 Explanation

An increased frequency of sinkholes occurs when rapid groundwater extraction takes place; this is due to the mechanism of effective stress reduction. Because the pore water pressure decreases, the effective stress on the soil increases, and therefore less support is available, resulting in collapse rather than stability.

• Which risk increases disproportionately following aftershocks on pre-stressed shallow faults?
• Which outcome occurs when localized wind shear increases overland?
• Which outcome occurs more intensely with increasing latitude?
• Which risk increases when extensive freeze-thaw fracturing weakens sandstone cliffs above transverse dunes?
• Which outcome is driven by lahar fluid dynamics?
• Which mechanism primarily causes lagoon formation behind a developing barrier island?