Which outcome occurs when rapid surface cooling inhibits lava flow?

💡 Explanation

Columnar jointing results from contraction during cooling which propagates fractures, because viscosity increases rapidly with cooling; thus, thermal contraction dominates. Therefore, columns form rather than a smooth surface due to reduced convection in thicker flows.

• Which phenomenon exacerbates collapse-sinkhole formation during intense rainfall on karst?
• Which consequence results when desert pavement protects underlying sediment?
• Which outcome frequently occurs when a glacial lake outburst flood encounters a wide, flat valley floor?
• Which effect does the Coriolis force primarily have on large-scale atmospheric convection cells?
• Which consequence results when rising sea levels accelerate?
• Which effect results when persistent ice dams form along glacial meltwater streams?