Which outcome occurs when variable-frequency drive (VFD) control fails on a centrifugal pump maintaining constant chilled-water-supply temperature in a large HVAC system?

💡 Explanation

If the VFD fails, the pump operates at the set maximum frequency because the control signal is fixed or defaults to maximum. Therefore, the pump speed is fixed at maximum, rather than modulating to match the load, leading to over-pumping and potential system inefficiencies.

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