Which outcome primarily occurs via wave refraction around a coastal headland featuring sea stacks?

💡 Explanation

Erosion concentrates at the stack base because wave refraction focuses wave energy there in the absence of a continuous shoreline; therefore undercutting dominates, rather than deposition, because reduced sediment transport occurs after stack formation.

• Which mechanism accelerates surface deformation when permafrost thawing induces solifluction on an Arctic slope with ice wedges?
• Which substance migration results when heavy rainfall impacts nutrient-poor tropical soils?
• Which mechanism causes increased stream meandering in a region experiencing decreased vegetation density?
• Which consequence results when rapid aggradation overwhelms river levees?
• Which outcome occurs when building foundations sit astride a creeping transform fault?
• Which outcome in a karst landscape results when acidic groundwater dissolves subsurface limestone, and overlying clay sediment lacks internal cohesion?