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Which outcome reduces efficiency given fixed temperatures when running a practical air compressor using a non-ideal Carnot cycle?

A)Incomplete thermal energy transfer
B)Exact isothermal volume change
C)Complete adiabatic compression
D)Reversible isentropic condition

💡 Explanation

Incomplete thermal energy transfer lowers efficiency because irreversibilities introduce entropy increases during heat transfer, violating the Carnot cycle's perfect reversibility therefore actual efficiency drops rather than maintaining theoretical maximum Carnot efficiency.

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