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Which outcome reduces enzyme activity when adding heavy water?

A)Substrate binding site conformation changes
B)Active site hydrophobicity decreases
C)Thermodynamic instability promotes unfolding
D)General proton environment remains unchanged

💡 Explanation

Enzyme activity drops because kinetic isotope effects from deuterium significantly slow hydrogen bond dynamics, altering substrate binding site conformation rather than general proton transfer; therefore activity diminishes but thermodynamics are less affected.

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