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Which outcome reduces heat-engine efficiency when saturated steam cools?

A)Condensation releases the heat of vaporization
B)Increased water hammering erodes turbine blades
C)Superheating diminishes energy density rapidly
D)Sublimation bypasses useful work extraction

💡 Explanation

Condensation releases the heat of vaporization because the phase transition from steam to water involves a release of latent heat via homogeneous nucleation. Therefore, this unproductive heat transfer reduces the turbine's capacity for useful work, rather than driving mechanical erosion or bypassing energy extraction.

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