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Which outcome resulted from repeated heating and hammering during bronze casting during the Mesopotamian Bronze Age?

A)Increased grain size leading to brittleness
B)Dislocation pile-up increasing metal hardness
C)Phase transformations reducing corrosion resistance
D)Enhanced dendritic growth improving ductility

💡 Explanation

Repeated heating and hammering introduces work hardening because dislocation density microscopically increases within the metal's crystal structure restricting subsequent deformation. Therefore, hardness initially increases due to dislocation pile-up, rather than grain growth, phase change or dendritic growth manipulation, which require controlled alloying or annealing processes.

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