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Which outcome results when a catalyst lowers the energy of specific molecular orbitals?

A)Increased reaction pathway degeneracy
B)Decreased total volumetric free energy
C)Enhanced kinetic tunnelling probability
D)Reduced transition state free energy

💡 Explanation

A catalyst stabilizes transition states preferentially because it lowers the energy of the relevant antibonding molecular orbitals via electronic interactions or surface adsorption; therefore the activation energy is selectively reduced rather than a change in basic thermodynamics or other quantum effects.

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