Which outcome results when a lava dome's flank destabilizes?

💡 Explanation

Flank collapse causes pyroclastic flow generation because mechanical failure of the dome's structure triggers rapid pressure release and fragmentation. This initiates a high-speed, hot gas and rock avalanche rather than caldera collapse because it's a localized event rather than a magma chamber evacuation.

• Which mechanism primarily causes downslope movement of the active layer during solifluction?
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