Which performance limitation arises when a Carnot engine operates irreversibly?

💡 Explanation

When a Carnot cycle operates irreversibly, entropy generation occurs due to factors such as friction, leading to reduced conversion of heat into work because some energy is dissipated. Therefore, decreased work output occurs as friction directly consumes a portion of the available energy, rather than alterations to heat rejection, temperature or conduction, which are not directly linked to friction.

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