Which perturbation results on kelp forest ecosystems during El Niño?

💡 Explanation

El Niño suppresses upwelling, decreasing nutrient availability for kelp. This reduction is driven by a weakening of trade winds because this reduces coastal upwelling driven by the Ekman transport, therefore stresses the kelp forests, rather than increased salinity or increased CO2 absorption.

• Which outcome is MOST LIKELY when heavy rainfall exceeds natural levee infiltration capacity along a major river?
• Offshore aquaculture within a fjord accelerates which geological process?
• Which geological effect happens with increased bioturbation activity?
• Which process causes clay accumulation enhancing argillic horizons?
• Which feedback outcome occurs when high latitude glacial runoff increases?
• Which shift causes increased ocean upwelling along the South American coast during a La Niña event?