Which phenomenon causes increased coastal upwelling when trade winds strengthen along an eastern ocean boundary?

💡 Explanation

When trade winds strengthen, enhanced Ekman transport occurs because the Coriolis effect deflects surface water perpendicularly to the wind direction, driving surface water offshore and causing upwelling. Therefore, increased coastal upwelling results from Ekman transport, rather than geostrophic currents, Rossby waves or thermohaline circulation, which operate through different dynamics.

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