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Which physical consequence results when helium fusion wanes within an aging red giant star?

A)Lower luminosity, higher surface temperature
B)Thermal runaway, uncontrolled carbon fusion
C)Increased gravitational core collapse
D)Rapid increase in neutrino production

💡 Explanation

Increased gravitational core collapse results from waning helium fusion when internal radiation pressure decreases because fuel is depleting. This loss of outward pressure destabilises the star, leading to compression rather than a stable endpoint, triggering subsequent fusion stages.

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